The digitizer
The CD24's output connectors are located on the lid. The sensor input is located on the side. The digitizer can be supplied with a number of options, so not all the connectors may be present on your instrument. The input connector is configured to connect directly to one of GSL's sensors and has all the necessary power and control functions.
All CD24's have a 19-pin mil-spec connector. The supplied breakout box provides individual connectors for the power, data and GPS, or you can make up your own cable if you prefer. The CD24 may also have connectors for the FireWire, Ethernet or Wi-Fi interfaces.
In addition to the cable to the instrument, which is moulded into the case, the breakout box provides
a 6-pin socket for connecting the supplied GPS unit;
a 10-pin plug for connecting to a PC's serial interface or a Güralp data module; and
a 6-pin mil-spec plug for connecting a 12 V power supply.
You may need to attach a suitable connector to the power cable provided. The CD24 draws a nominal current of 55 mA from a 12 V supply when in use; thus, using a 12 V, 25 Ah sealed heavy-duty lead-acid battery, you should expect the digitizer to operate for more than a week without recharging.
CMG-CD24 digitizers with Ethernet features installed use an embedded Lantronix Wi-PortNR module to provide the network interface. This module can be configured using a built-in Web server or via the serial port.
Before you can access the Web server, however, you will need to assign the device an IP address. This can be done using Lantronix' DeviceInstaller utility for Microsoft Windows, using a DHCP server or the via the serial port. You will need a PC with a network interface installed or RS232 connector.
Using DeviceInstaller
Download and install the DeviceInstaller utility from the Lantronix Web site at http://www.lantronix.com/
DeviceInstaller also requires the Microsoft .NET framework to be installed. If you do not have this already, it can be downloaded at http://www.microsoft.com/
Find out the MAC address of the CD24's network interface. This should be printed on a label on the case.
If the Data Out port on the breakout box is connected to anything, disconnect it.
Connect the CD24's ETHERNET port to the the PC's network interface, either using a crossover Ethernet cable or through a network hub.
Using a hub, you can connect several CD24s to the same PC and configure them all at the same time.
DeviceInstaller will not work through routers or across the Internet. All the devices need to be on the same network segment as the PC.
Run DeviceInstaller.
DeviceInstaller's main window has two panels, a tree on the left (with Lantronix Devices at the top) and a table on the right.
The program will automatically look for Lantronix devices on all of your computer's network interfaces. If necessary, you can narrow the selection by clicking on an entry in the tree on the left.
An Wi-PortNR entry should appear in the table on the right, denoting that a device has been detected.
If more than one Wi-PortNR entry appears, DeviceInstaller has detected several devices.
For every detected device, the program shows the Hardware Address (i.e. the MAC address), and the IP address it is currently using. If your local network uses a DHCP server, the device will ask the DHCP server to assign it an address. Otherwise, a random address will be chosen automatically.
Automatic random addresses all begin with 169.254. The CD24 will choose a different one every time it is power cycled or rebooted.
The address of the CD24 may be shown in red with the status Unreachable.
If this happens, the sensor and PC cannot communicate because they are not on the same subnet. Click Assign IP to start the IP configuration wizard.
Follow the instructions in the wizard to set the IP address, or configure DHCP if you are using a DHCP server. When you have finished, click Search to find the sensor with its new IP address.
If you want to configure the CD24 to use a static IP address, use the Assign IP wizard as above, and click Search again.
Double-click on the entry which corresponds to the CD24 you want to configure.
The right-hand panel will change to show the current properties of the device.
Switch to the Web Configuration tab, and click Go to open the Web configuration interface.
Alternatively, click Use External Browser to use your own Web browser to configure the instrument.
Follow the steps below to configure the module from its Web interface.
Using DHCP
If you cannot install DeviceInstaller on your PC, or do not wish to, you can also get access to the CD24 using a standard DHCP server. In most cases you will need to have administrative privileges to do this.
Install and start the DHCP service on your PC.
Connect the CD24's ETHERNET port to the the PC's network interface, either using a crossover Ethernet cable or through a network hub.
Using a hub, you can connect several CD24s to the same PC and configure them all at the same time.
DHCP will not work through routers or across the Internet. All the devices need to be on the same network segment as the PC.
Monitor the DHCP server to find out what IP address it gives to each instrument.
To configure a device, enter its IP address into a web browser.
Configuration with the Web interface
Once you have access to the Wi-PortNR's Web interface, you can configure it with its proper settings.
The Web page is divided into three. A menu on the left switches between pages of configuration options on the right. There is also a banner at the top, which tells you the current firmware revision and the MAC address.
To navigate around the Web site, click on the entries in the left-hand menu. When you have made changes to the settings on any page, save them by clicking OK before you leave the page.
The Wi-PortNR has two serial channels which you can connect to. By default these are exposed on ports 10001 and 10002.
Channel 1 (normally port 10001) is connected to a serial console which is exposed on the power port of the breakout box. If you have problems connecting to the CD24, you can attach a standard Güralp Systems power/data cable to this port and use Scream! to access the console.
Channel 2 (port 10002) is connected to the CD24's digital output, unless you have connected a serial data cable from the breakout box to a computer. If the breakout box is connected, the CD24 will send data streams through that interface rather than to the Wi-PortNR.
Click on Channel 2 – Serial Settings.
Set the Baud Rate to 19200. This is the default baud rate for the CD24's digital output. If you change the baud rate in Scream! or using the terminal, you must come back to this page and change the Baud Rate setting.
The remaining settings can be left at their default values. Click OK to save your changes.
For full information on the Wi-PortNR's configuration options, please refer to the Wi-PortNR documentation, which is available on the Lantronix Web site, http://www.lantronix.com/
When you have finished setting up the Wi-PortNR, apply the new settings by clicking Apply Settings. The Wi-PortNR will re-boot with the new settings in effect.
If the Wi-PortNR is using an automatically chosen random IP (beginning with 169.254), the IP address will change when you do this. You will need to go back to DeviceInstaller to find out the new IP address.
CMG-CD24 digitizer's with wireless features installed use an embedded Lantronix Wi-Port module to provide the network interface. This module can be configured using the DeviceInstaller utility for Microsoft Windows, using a DHCP server or serial port. You will need a PC with a wireless card installed or RS232 connection.
You may find it easiest to gather together all the Wi-Fi hardware before taking it into the field, and configuring it from a local wireless-enabled PC.
CMG-CD24 digitizer's with the wireless networking option also have an ETHERNET port for attaching to a wired network. You can switch between the wired and wireless interfaces using DeviceInstaller.
There are two types of wireless network topology supported by the Wi-Port.
Infrastructure networks need additional hardware, such as wireless access points and routers, to work. Any host on the wireless network will communicate with the access point or router, which manages all the connections and ensures data is transmitted correctly. This device may also provide connectivity to the Internet or your local network.
Ad hoc networks can be set up with no additional hardware. Each host on the wireless network attempts to communicate directly with the other hosts.
Ad hoc networks are easy to set up, but they are only suitable with a small number of hosts. In seismic networks, infrastructure mode is normally preferred, since sensors do not need to communicate with each other.
Using DeviceInstaller in an infrastructure network
Download and install the DeviceInstaller utility from the Lantronix Web site at http://www.lantronix.com/
DeviceInstaller also requires the Microsoft .NET framework to be installed. If you do not have this already, it can be downloaded at http://www.microsoft.com/
Find out the MAC address of the CD24's network interface. This should be printed on a label on the case.
Configure your wireless router or access point to use a network name (SSID) of LTRX_IBSS
Disable any security features of the wireless router or access point.
Run DeviceInstaller.
The main window has two panels, a tree on the left (with Lantronix Devices at the top) and a table on the right.
The program will automatically look for Lantronix devices on all of your computer's network interfaces. If necessary, you can narrow the selection by clicking on an entry in the tree on the left.
A Wi-Port entry should appear in the table on the right, denoting that a device has been detected.
If more than one Wi-Port entry appears, DeviceInstaller has detected several devices.
For every detected device, the program shows the Hardware Address (i.e. the MAC address), and the IP address it is currently using. If you are using a wireless router with a DHCP server, or an access point connected to a network with a DHCP server, the device will use DHCP to assign it an address. Otherwise, a random address will be chosen automatically.
Automatic random addresses all begin with 169.254. The CD24 will choose a different one every time it is power cycled or rebooted.
The address of the CD24 may be shown in red with the status Unreachable.
If this happens, the sensor and PC cannot communicate because they are not on the same subnet. Click Assign IP to start the IP configuration wizard.
Follow the instructions in the wizard to set the IP address, or configure DHCP if you are using a DHCP server. When you have finished, click Search to find the sensor with its new IP address.
If you want to configure the CD24 to use a static IP address, use the Assign IP wizard as above, and click Search again.
Double-click on the entry which corresponds to the CD24 you want to configure.
The right-hand panel will change to show the current properties of the device.
Switch to the Web Configuration tab, and click Go to open the Web configuration interface.
Alternatively, click Use External Browser to use your own Web browser to configure the instrument.
Follow the steps below to configure the module from its Web interface.
Using DHCP in infrastructure mode
If you cannot install DeviceInstaller on your PC, or do not wish to, you can also get access to the CD24 using a standard DHCP server. In most cases you will need to have administrative privileges to do this.
Install and start the DHCP service on your PC.
Configure your wireless router or access point to use a network name (SSID) of LTRX_IBSS
Disable any security features of the wireless router or access point.
Monitor the DHCP server to find out what IP address it gives to each Wi-Port in range. If necessary, power cycle the sensor(s).
To configure a device, enter its IP address into a web browser.
Using “ad hoc” mode
If you do not have a wireless router or access point, you can configure your computer to set up an ad hoc wireless network when the CD24 comes within range.
To configure Windows XP to set up an ad hoc wireless network:
Open the Control Panel and select Network Connections.
Right-click on the Wireless Connection icon and select Properties. Switch to the Wireless Networks tab.
Under Preferred networks, click Advanced. Select Computer-to-computer (ad hoc) networks only.
Ensure the Automatically connect to non-preferred networks box is not ticked. Click Close to return to the Wireless Network Connection Properties window.
Under Preferred networks, click Add.... Switch to the Association tab.
Fill in the Network name (SSID) of LTRX_IBSS
Set Network Authentication to Open and Data encryption to Disabled. Click OK.
The network connection should now be visible under Preferred networks, and in the main Wireless Network Connection window.
Initially, the network will be shown as Not connected.
Power cycle the CD24. After a short while, your computer should report that it has connected to the LTRX_IBSS network.
Use DeviceInstaller to find the CD24 on the new network.
If your computer is configured to obtain its network address automatically, both it and the CD24 will be using automatic random IP addresses.
Automatic random addresses all begin with 169.254. Both hosts will choose a different one every time they are power cycled or rebooted, or when the wireless network connection is lost.
To prevent this happening, configure your computer to use a static IP address, and use the Assign IP wizard in DeviceInstaller to assign a static IP address to the CD24.
Configuration with the Web interface
Once you have access to the Wi-Port's Web interface, you can configure it with its proper settings.
The Web page is divided into three. A menu on the left switches between pages of configuration options on the right. There is also a banner at the top, which tells you the current firmware revision and the MAC address.
To navigate around the Web site, click on the entries in the left-hand menu. When you have made changes to the settings on any page, save them by clicking OK before you leave the page.
Click on WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) to open the WLAN Settings page.
Change the Network Name (i.e. SSID) from LTRX_IBSS to a suitable name for your installation. This name will be announced to any nearby wireless devices when they search for networks.
If you are using an ad-hoc network change the second Network Name box as well. Otherwise, deselect Ad Hoc Network Creation.
Under Wireless Network Security, set Security to WEP and configure the security parameters. If you do not do this, anyone will be able to access the CD24 and change its configuration.
Make a note of the security parameters you have used.
Click OK, followed by Apply Settings in the main menu. The Wi-Port will restart.
If the Wi-Port is still using an automatically chosen random IP (beginning with 169.254), the IP address will change when you do this. You will need to go back to DeviceInstaller to find out the new IP address.
If you are setting up an infrastructure network, configure your wireless access point or router to use the new name and security settings, and power cycle the CD24 to make it reconnect to the network.
Reconnect your computer to the wireless network using the new name and security settings.
The Wi-Port has two serial channels which you can connect to. By default these are exposed on ports 10001 and 10002. Channel 1 (normally port 10001) is connected to a serial console which is exposed on the power port of the breakout box. If you have problems connecting to the CD24, you can attach a standard Güralp Systems power/data cable to this port and use Scream! to access the console.
Channel 2 (port 10002) is connected to the CD24's digital output, unless you have connected a serial data cable from the breakout box to a computer. If the breakout box is connected, the CD24 will send data streams through that interface rather than to the Wi-Port.
Click on Channel 2 – Serial Settings.
Set the Baud Rate to 19200. This is the default baud rate for the CD24's digital output. If you change the baud rate in Scream! or using the terminal, you must come back to this page and change the Baud Rate setting.
The remaining settings can be left at their default values. Click OK to save your changes.
For full information on the Wi-Port's configuration options, please refer to the Wi-Port documentation, which is available on the Lantronix Web site, http://www.lantronix.com/
When you have finished setting up the Wi-Port, apply the new settings by clicking Apply Settings. The Wi-Port will re-boot with the new settings in effect.
Installing wireless hardware
The small antenna supplied with the CD24 is adequate for initial testing or temporary installations with an access point within 50 m of the instrument.
To send data over a larger distance, or if the line of sight between the antenna and the access point is blocked, you will need to use a larger and more powerful antenna.
In infrastructure mode, you can reduce the power requirements by using a directional antenna pointed at the location of the access point. The access point does not need to be permanently present. For example, you could set up an array of CD24 instruments with antennas pointed towards a prominent natural feature with line of sight to all the instruments, and access them all from this location using a laptop PC.
Setting up the PC's serial Port
To access the Wi-PortNRs configuration via its serial interface connect the secondary serial input to an RS232 port. Then configure the terminal program (HyperTerminal in Windows) to;
Baud rate = 9600
Data Bits = 8
Parity = None
Stop bits = 1
Flow control = None.
Connect to the device via the serial port then turn the systems power on then off whilst hold down the 'x'. This should show the MAC address, software and library version. Press enter to set-up or leave it to boot normal.
Configuring the CD24's serial ports
Once you have access to the Wi-PortNR's serial interface, you can configure it with its proper settings. The serial console will show the current firmware revision and the MAC address. And ask you to press Enter to configure the system.
The Wi-PortNR has two serial channels. Channel 1 (normally port 10001) is connected to a serial console which is exposed on the power port of the breakout box. If you have problems connecting to the CD24, you can attach a standard Güralp Systems power/data cable to this port and use Scream! to access the console. Channel 2 (port 10002) is connected to the CD24's digital output, unless you have connected a serial data cable from the breakout box to a computer. If the breakout box is connected, the CD24 will send data streams through that interface rather than to the Wi-PortNR. For full information on the Wi-PortNR's configuration options, please refer to the Wi-PortNR documentation, which is available on the Lantronix Web site, http://www.lantronix.com/
Each channel is configured individually. To select these enter either selecting 1 Channel 1 or 2 Channel 2 at the main menu then Enter.
Set the Baud Rate to 19200. This is the default baud rate for the CD24's digital output. If you change the baud rate in Scream! or using the terminal, you must change the Baud Rate setting.
The remaining settings can be left at their default values. Which is done by pressing Enter until you have returned to the main menu.
When you have finished setting up the Wi-PortNR, apply the new settings by selecting option 9 Save and Exit. The Wi-PortNR will re-boot with the new settings in effect.
Configuring the Ethernet port
To configure the Ethernet port
If DHCP is not used to assign IP addresses, enter it manually. The IP address must be set to a unique value in the network. Enter each octet and press Enter between each section inputted. The current value is displayed in parentheses.
To return the system to using DHCP enter 000 in all the octets.
If a default gateway is needed then add this information here.
Configuration via the Serial Port
Once a connection has been made to configure the wi-fi port
In the main menu select '4' then 'enter' to access the wi-fi settings.
Configure your Topology to Infrastructure=0, Adhoc=1. Then press enter.
Configure your wireless router or access point to use a network name (SSID) of LTRX_IBSS
Configure the Wifi communications channel.
Disable any security features of the wireless router or access point by entering 0.
Autonomous CD24 installations will need to be configured before deployment. You can do this either
using the graphical interface provided by Scream! (see chapter 4, page 37), or
over a terminal connection (see chapter 6, page 64).
Both methods provide full access to the configuration options of the built-in digitizer.
In particular, CD24 can operate in a number of filing modes. These modes determine whether the unit stores data in its on-board Flash memory, sends it over the serial link in GCF format, or does some combination of these. See section 4.2, page 52, for more details.
The easiest way to download data over Firewire is to connect a suitable disk to the FireWire port of the CD24 and power cycle the instrument.
If you have ordered a CD24 with the powered FireWire option, you can attach the disk directly to the CD24 with no additional connections. Otherwise, you will need to connect the disk to a power source through the supplied adapter.
When the sensor restarts, it will automatically detect the disk and flush all new data to it.
If you do not want to restart the instrument, you can also flush data to disk manually:
Open the digitizer's console. To do this using Güralp Systems' Scream! software, right-click on the digitizer's icon (once it appears) and select Terminal.... From a Güralp DCM, issue the command minicom -n port-number.
Connect a suitable disk to the FireWire port of the CD24. Power the disk if necessary.
Issue the command FLUSH
This will download all data from the CD24 that it has not already transferred. If you want to transfer the entire contents of Flash memory, use the command FLUSHALL. For more details, see page 87.
Close the terminal session. If you are using Scream! or a DCM, the CD24 should start transmitting immediately. Otherwise, you may need to issue the command GO to start transferring data.
The CD24 uses a special disk format, DFD, for recording data. This format is also used by other Güralp digitizers such as the DM24.
You can read this data into a PC using Scream! or the Windows ReadSCSI or gcfxtract utilities, which are freely available from the Güralp Systems Web site. Linux and Solaris command line utilities are also available for reading data from a DFD disk.
The DFD format is not the same as that used by the Güralp Systems DCM data module, which uses a FAT32-compatible journalling file system.
Güralp Systems can provide fully-tested disks with FireWire and USB connectors. Alternatively, a third-party FireWire disk may be used (although compatibility is not guaranteed.)
To read a disk using ReadSCSI:
Attach the disk to your computer. You can use FireWire, USB, or any other interface supported by your computer and the disk.
Run ReadSCSI. The program will first search for non-DOS disks on all the interfaces it understands.
If it does not find your disk, check that it is properly connected and that the relevant drivers have been installed, and click Re-Scan.
ReadSCSI tries to find Scream!'s configuration file to discover where to put the recorded streams. These values are automatically entered into the Data Format, Data File Duration, Status File Duration, Filename Format, and Base Directory boxes. If you do not use Scream!, or you want to use different settings, fill them in here:
Data Format : ReadSCSI can automatically convert the GCF data on the disk to a variety of seismic data formats. Choose the format you require from the drop-down list.
Data File Duration : How many minutes long to make each saved file, before starting a new one. For file formats that do not support discontinuous data, ReadSCSI will also start a new file whenever there is a data gap.
Status File Duration : How many hours long to make files from status streams.
Filename Format : This allows you to describe how you want files to be named by entering a format specifier. The string you enter is used to construct the file names for all files. Among the specifiers you can use are:
YYYY the year number (e.g. 2003),
M the month number (1 – 12),
D the day of the month (1 – 31),
H the hour (0 – 23),
N the minute (0 – 59),
S the second (0 – 59),
R or J the day in the year (0 – 366),
X the date represented as an 8-digit hexadecimal number (this allows a complete date to fit in the DOS 8.3 format, for compatibility),
I the System ID,
T the Stream ID (e.g. DM24Z2),
C the component identifier (Z,N,E,M, etc.),
P the sample rate, in samples per second;
A a combination of T, C and P to give a standard, unique name for the stream (useful for directories).
The specifiers MM, DD, HH, NN, SS, RRR, JJJ, IIIIII and TTTTTT are the same as their single-letter counterparts, but they are padded with zeros or underscores to a constant length. YY can also be used for a 2-digit abbreviation of the year (e.g. 03 for 2003), and MMM for a 3-letter month name (jan, feb, etc.)
Any other letters (including small letters) in the filename will be left as they are, so you can add constant descriptions or field separators as you wish. Owing to operating system limitations, you cannot use any of the punctuation marks * ? " : < > | in filenames. You can create directory structures by using the \ character.
For example:
T\YYYY_MM_DD;HHhNNmSSs will give filenames like dmz2\1997_10_05;07h35m20s.
You should always ensure that files are given unique names. Scream! writes each stream separately. If it finds that it cannot write to a file because it is already open for another stream, the write will fail and data will not be recorded.
Base Directory : The directory in which to place all the data files, and any subdirectories you have specified.
If you want to transfer the whole disk (including data that you may already have), click Start now.
To transfer specific streams or time periods, check Specify Transfer Parameters:
If you want to set the time period covered by the downloaded data, check Start Date / Time, End Date / Time, or both, and fill the date and time in the boxes.
If you want to record only specific streams, check Streams and select the streams of interest from the list.
Click Start. You can pause and resume a transfer that is in progress with the Pause button.
After you have downloaded all the data from the disk, and if you want to re-use it, click Reset Disk. This sets the flags on the disk so that the CD24 can overwrite the old data with new.
You can also read disks with Scream!. This allows you to view data in the process of being transferred, but is slightly slower, because Scream! does not read data in strict order. To read a disk with Scream!:
Attach the disk to your computer. You can use FireWire, USB, or any other interface supported by your computer and the disk.
Run Scream!, and select File → Setup... from the main menu. Select the Files tab.
Set the Base Directory, Filename Format and Data Format as described above. Also, if required, set the Post-processor and Granularity options to your preference. Consult the Scream! documentation for details.
Select the Recording tab, and check Auto Record—Enable for Data Streams and Auto Record—Enable for Status Streams. Click OK.
Scream! will remember the recording options you set in steps 3 and 4 for later occasions.
Select File → Read SCSI disk... from the main menu. Scream! will search for attached disks, and open a window with a list of all the streams it has found.
Select the streams you want to replay, and click Open. The disk will appear in the left-hand pane of Scream!'s main window, and the streams you have selected will start playing into the stream buffer, as well as being recorded.
When you have finished transferring the data, if you want to reset the disk, select File → Reset SCSI disk... from Scream!'s main menu. Select the disk you want to reset, and click OK.
There are several ways a CD24 instrument can connect to Scream!:
A direct serial connection can be made from the breakout box to your computer. This is the method we recommend for testing the instrument (see Section 2.1, page 8).
The serial port can also be used to connect an external modem. Details of how to connect modems are available on the Güralp Systems Web site.
Data can be received from the instrument over the optional Ethernet or wireless links. Before you can do this, you will need to set up its IP address and network configuration, as described in Sections 3.2 (page 12)and 3.3 (page 17.)
To connect to a CD24 over the network:
Run Scream!, and select Windows – Network Control from the main menu. Click on the My Client tab.
Right-click in the white panel beneath Server, and select Add TCP Server....
Input the IP address of the CD24, with the output port 10001, for example
192.168.33.2:10001
Click OK.
After a short wait, an entry for the instrument should appear in the pane. Right-click on the entry and select Connect.
If the connection is successful, you should see blocks appearing in the Block Rx pane, and streams will appear in Scream!'s main window. Close the Network Control window.